The Best Educational Apps To Use For Tutoring

The Best Educational Apps To Use For Tutoring What Are The Best Educational Apps For Kids? Chapters1. Numberland2. DragonBox Big Numbers3.Lola's Alphabet Train4.iTooch Elementary School and iTooch Middle School5. World Geography - Quiz Game6.Memrise7.Revision App8.TED“People expect to be bored by eLearningâ€"let’s show them it doesn’t have to be like that!” - Cammy Bean, e-learning instructional designer.The  private tutoring industry quickly realised that new technologies had to be integrated on the normal learning experience of any pupil or student.These days, you can access private lesson or video call classrooms for free on many websites. You can revise all subjects, maths, physics, chemistry, history or geography and even French.It is predicted that 15.5 billion app downloads will occur in the UK in 2018. That is a crazy 236 apps for every single person living in the UK.The app market grew by 6% in 2017 and will keep growing in the years to come.With 96% of the A-level students owning a smartphone, it is no wonder that e-learning has been booming in recent yea rs.We summed up a few apps that you could use to help your students further by providing them with the right tool for an e-education.Children can now use smartphones to play around with their hand drawn art. (Toca Boca)Graduating college is usually the achievement marking the end of studies for most students. The graduation ceremony is particularly important in most countries.8.TEDProbably aimed at an older crowd, the TED app, by the TED Talks organisation is worth mentioning.This library of more than 1,000 videos of some of the most influential speakers in the world, can introduce you to many fascinating subjects.The videos are also proposed in more than 90 subtitle languages and the subjects range from business to technology and education.You can even download them to watch them when you don't have any Internet access, which is ideal if you're taking the tube to school.And best of all, it is free.So is this expanded guide to making lessons fun!

When to Go to Brazil

When to Go to Brazil How to Make the Most of Your Time in Brazil ChaptersChoose the Dates According to Your DestinationThe Best Time of the Year to Go to BrazilWhat Are the Essential Brazilian Events?Practical Advice for Travelling to Brazil“Soft water can break the hardest stone.” - Brazilian ProverbThe land of football and also the destination for carnival, Brazil has a number of different facets, which is why tourists come in their droves to the cities and natural parks in Brazil. The parks in Brazil recorded 12.4 million visits, an increase of 1.7 million in comparison to the previous year. It just goes to show just how much interest there is in Brazilian sights of natural beauty.To make the most of a trip to Brazil, you should go at the right time. The same dates aren’t recommended for every destination so you need to think about where you’re going and where. Find out more about how and when to plan the perfect trip to Brazil.Do you have a specific destination in mind or just looking to go to Brazil?  Why this question?You shouldn’t go to Brasilia at the same time as you would Porto Alegre. Rainy seasons, cold temperatures, not much going on, etc. Depending on the time of year, some towns can completely change. If you want to do touristy things, you might want to visit in the low season when it’s quieter, but if you’re looking for high temperatures, then you’ll want to visit during the high season.Brazil isn't just beaches, even though there are plenty of great ones. (Source: Pexels)There are plenty of different types of tourists who head to Brazil:Surfers and diversHistory or architecture loversParty animalsCultural touristsSo which type of tourist are you?If you like walking, nature, or sport, it’s better to go towards the Amazon or a national park like Ilha Grande, one of the most peaceful in the world. The Iguazu falls are worth a visit but not when it’s the monsoon season or where the temperatures drop.If you’re interested in diving in tropical islands, you might be interested in Maragogi, one of the most beautiful coastal resorts of the Brazilian Caribbean. You could also choose a resort near Recife and do some capoeira on the idyllic beaches.There are plenty of other destinations in Brazil like:Salvador da BahiaCopacabanaJericoacoaraBelo HorizonteMinasBelemThus, the best time to go to Brazil completely depends on where you’re going to.Find out more about accommodation in Brazil.The Best Time of the Year to Go to BrazilLike most countries in the Southern hemisphere, Brazil has several climates, a rainy season (in the summer from December to June), the dry season (winters from July to November) where the temperatures can reach up to 40 °C. Heading to Brazil in March wouldn’t be the same as it would in September.Ready to go to Brazil? (Source: Marianabiologa)The climate in Brazil is very diverse and there are 5 or 6 main types across the country!Brazil has various different climates:An equatorial climate in the northeastA monsoon climate in the AmazonA savannah climat e in the southeastA semi-arid climate in the centreA humid sub-tropical climate in the southeast, tooA temperate climate in the southDuring the rainy season, you don’t want to head to the Amazon!  It’s recommended you avoid the rainy season in Brazil. It’s recommended that you go during the winter, June to August, with sunny days, mild temperatures, and when tourists aren’t all over the place.It might seem that August or September might be the ideal months to visit anywhere in Brazil. However, it’s not just the climate stopping to visiting Brazil at certain times of the year.In terms of the calendar, what’s going on in September?The high season is around March when Carnival is taking place.What Are the Essential Brazilian Events?In addition to things to see like Christ the Redeemer at Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, there are also regular events throughout the year that make Brazil worth visiting. This is the case with religious events, local customs, and various fairs and fe stivals.As you may have guessed, Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro is a pretty big deal. (Source: ckim828)The Brazilian cultural calendar is pretty packed.  Here are a few events that you won’t want to miss:Carnival in the big cities in February or March.Carnival in Natal, June-July.Gay Pride, Sao Paulo, June.Winter Festival in Ouro Preto, July.Gramado Film Festival, August.Independence Day of Brazil, 7 September.Blumenau Beer Festival, October.São Paulo International Film Festival.Salvador Summer Fest, December.Carnival is preceded by three to four weeks of celebrations, parades, and cultural events in Brazil's most popular cities. Make sure you have look around for more information. Don’t miss a second of the post-show in the Sambadrome Marquês de Sapucaí, where the country’s best dance schools fill the arena with colour and dancing.Don't forget the New Year, either, which is celebrated all over the country.What kind of New Year would you like? Beaches and cocktails or a modern city?If you’re not as sold on this as you are the Corcovado, the UNESCO world heritage site that’s home to Christ the Redeemer, an icon of Brazil and Brazilian culture. For more ideas on what to see and do, there are plenty of websites and travel blogs explaining the best the country has to offer.Before you head away, we’ve got some advice for you...Practical Advice for Travelling to BrazilHave you heard of Ronaldinho? Neymar, perhaps?If you have, it’s because Brazil loves football! It holds an almost mythical status in the country. If you want to spend time in local bars watching football or hanging out with Brazilians, you should learn some basic Portuguese:GreetingsHow to introduce yourselfWhere you’re staying in BrazilWhat you’re going to do in BrazilTo get ready for your time in Brazil, you should find out some useful advice about where you’re going!If you didn't know, football is a pretty big deal in Brazil. (Source: Pexels)If you’re going to the Amazon, you’ ll need things like antiseptic and mosquito repellent. You’ll need light clothes that cover all your body (long sleeves and trousers), a waterproof in case of storms, and a scarf.If you’re going to Brazil in winter, light and functional clothes are advised. An umbrella can also be useful.  Ideally, you’ll want to go at some time between July and September to get the most out of Brazil.Get your flights for the low season, especially if you’re going to Brazil for the first time. Sites like Skyscanner are useful for checking the prices of flights before you buy.In the low season, prices will be lower but make sure you research your destination so that you won’t have any surprises once you get there.Don't forget to budget for your holidays!You should be aware that yellow fever has been reported in Brazil so make sure that you get the appropriate vaccinations before travelling.Do you have your passport? Have you booked your holiday with work? Ready to go to Brazil?As the larges t country in South America, there's no shortage of things to do and see in Brazil from the Amazon rainforest to Copacabana beach. You can travel to Brazil for Carnaval, enjoy a caipirinha on the beach, or sample some sugar loaf.If you're the adventurous type, then you might want to visit the Amazon river, the Iguassu falls, or hike up the Corcovado Mountain to witness the viewpoint and the statue. Just make sure you go at the right time!You don't need to worry much about visa requirements. You can travel to Brazil on a tourist visa. You can get the tourist visa by applying to the Brazilian embassy or consulate. Fortunately, this will be valid for five years from your first date of entry into the country, meaning if you don't manage to do everything, you can always go back!Looking to learn some Portuguese before you go?Get help from one of the many talented tutors on Superprof. There are three main types of tutorial available on the site: face-to-face tutorials, online tutorials, and group tutorials. Each has its advantages and disadvantages and the best one for you really depends on your situation.Face-to-face tutorials are the most personal and have you and your tutor working together for the whole session. Of course, this bespoke service comes at a cost, making it the most costly type of tutorial available.Online tutorials are similar to face-to-face tutorials with the main difference being that the tutor isn't physically in the room with you and you're more likely to find native Portuguese speakers.Finally, there are group tutorials. In these types of tutorials, there are several students and just one tutor. These tutorials are usually the cheapest per person per hour but each student won't get the bespoke tutoring or one-on-one time that they would in the other types of tutorials. However, you will get plenty of opportunities to practise your language skills with the other students in the class.

Whats Going On In Your Middle Schoolers Head

What's Going On In Your Middle Schooler’s Head Middle school can be a challenging time for children for a variety of reasons. When students reach middle school age, their brains begin to undergo changes that can cause disruptions in various aspects of academia. While these changes are many, they specifically focus on your students ability to utilize the rational aspects of their brain, their preference for active vs. passive learning, and their identity development. As a parent, its important to understand what these intellectual changes are and how you can best support your student during their middle school yearssuch as implementing a routine and encouraging open communication. Keep reading to learn more about whats going on in your middle schoolers head. Encourage your middle schooler to harness the rational aspects of their brain Your middle schoolers brain is specifically developing in the prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobesthe area that primarily focuses on decision-making and rational judgement. That being said, your student is likely beginning to gain a firmer grasp on how to mediate conflict, process emotions, and make ethical decisions. While these are all traits that will positively benefit their education, its important to note that their brain at this age is rapidly changingmeaning they might have moments of irrational behavior, as well, that they have trouble explaining. They may find it frustrating to have times when making decisions is a breeze, swiftly followed by a sense of confusion they cant explain. Note that your middle schooler may now prefer active to passive learning In the past, your student may have taken a passive stance on their education, going through the necessary motions to complete required tasks. As your student reaches middle school, however, you may begin to notice that they are more eager to delve into projects and assignments. Encourage your student to capitalize on this desire to take an active role in their education by asking more questions regarding the material taught in class and creatively approaching each project given. Utilize extracurriculars to strengthen your middle schoolers identity development At this age, your student will begin to discover what their interests and passions truly are. This is a pivotal time in their lives, as they will start to have opportunities to explore these interests and to see if they are something they would like to pursue further. Extracurriculars and electives play a vital role in providing your student with an opportunity to explore their passions. If your student is interested in science, for example, they may consider joining STEM-related groups at school, or speaking with their science teacher for insights on community clubs. A student interested in art might be able to take a drawing elective that will allow them to explore their talents. Whatever it may be, their brains at this age are eager to quickly expand their knowledge of the areas that grab their attention. [RELATED: How Parents Can Help Students Setand AchieveAcademic Goals] Support your middle schooler by providing routine and guidance at home Middle school students thrive off having a reliable routine in their daily lives. With the many pressures middle school students face, it can be essential to have a set and predictable schedule to depend on. Guide your student to complete tasks on time by creating an after school plan, including the following items: Establish a before school routine, allowing ample time for breakfast. Designate specific homework time, ideally a time where you or another adult is available for any assignment-related questions. Set aside time for chores and other household requirements, spreading them throughout the week if possible, in an effort to not overwhelm students after school. Select a time each week to have a check-in with your student about any concerns or comments they may want to share with you regarding school. By establishing a routine at home, your student can feel more organized to complete all tasks at hand. A set schedule can help them gain confidence and feel a sense of ownership over their education. [RELATED: 5 Tactics to Encourage Academic Confidence in Your Middle Schooler] Support your middle schooler by fostering an open line of communication Its important for your student to know that you are consistently offering open and honest communication. At this age, students are encouraged to address problems and concerns with their teacher on their ownhowever, your student may need your help to learn how to verbalize their concerns and your support on any issues. That being said, its essential for your student to feel confident coming to you with any issues they may be having. Purposefully allot time to have open and honest conversations with your student about any aspects of their lives they wish to discuss. This way, when issues do arise, they will know you are there as their ally to guide them to the best solution. Support your middle schooler by encouraging goal-setting and critical thinking Middle school age is the perfect time to begin to instill critical thinking skills in your student. Your student is beginning to develop flexible thinking abilities, specifically learning the valuable ability to switch from one task to another without losing sight of either task. Its important for your student to understand the importance of critically thinking through each obstacle they encounter, as well as to begin to develop concrete academic goals. Sit down with your student and have them establish a list of things they hope to accomplish this school yearwhether this be broken down into subject or compiled for the school year as a whole. Be sure to encourage them to think seriously about how each task will benefit their education as a whole. [RELATED: 4 Questions to Ask Your Child About School] At the end of the day, its vital to let your student begin to learn who they are. They will have moments of rational thought, followed by unexplained lack of judgement. In order to best support them, its helpful to understand the changes in their brain and how these can positively benefit their academic experience. Any topics you want to know more about? Let us know! The Varsity Tutors Blog editors love hearing your feedback and opinions. Feel free to email us at blog@varsitytutors.com.

5 Most Difficult Italian Grammar Rules Made Simple

5 Most Difficult Italian Grammar Rules Made Simple Suzy S. Are you ready for a lesson in Italian grammar?  Below, Italian teacher Liz T. breaks down the five most difficult Italian grammar rules Learning Italian can be difficult, not to mention overwhelming for new students. Many students are afraid of tackling Italian grammar, as it can be complex and confusing at first. If you take the time to learn Italian grammar, however, youre much more likely to understand what youre  actually saying, hearing, reading, and writing. Below, we break down the  five most difficult Italian grammar rules  to make it easier for you to understand. 1. Nouns and Adjectives We categorize nouns and adjectives  as either masculine and feminine. Typically, nouns  ending in -o are masculine, while nouns ending in -a are feminine. See examples below. Feminine: Donna (woman) Masculine: Uomo (man) If the noun ends in -i that means it’s masculine, but plural and  nouns ending in -e are  feminine, but plural. See examples below. Masculine: Bambini (children) Feminine: Ragazze (girls) 2. Singular vs. Plural Knowing how to create singular and plural nouns can be difficult. While there are a few  tricks to remembering the rules, its really all about memorizing the endings. See examples below. Nouns ending in  singular -o switch to plural -i Amico is changed to Amici (Friend, Friends) Nouns ending in singular -a switch to plural -e Torta is changed to Torte (Cake, Cakes) Nouns ending in singular -ca switch to -che Mucca is changed to Mucche (Cow, Cows) Nouns ending in singular -e switch to -i Professore is changed to Professori (Professor, Professors) 3. Introducing “The” Definite Articles (Singular) Singular: There are two main forms of the definite article in the singular, il (masculine) and la  (feminine)  and two alternate forms.  l’  for any noun starting with a vowel, and lo,  for any masculine noun starting with s- plus a consonant, p-s, or -z. See examples below: Masculine singular Example: Il gatto (the cat) Feminine singular  Example: La gatta (the cat) Masculine noun starting with a vowel Example: L’uomo (the man) Feminine noun starting with a vowel Example: L’amica (the friend) Masculine noun starting with a -s plus a consonant Example: Lo Zio (the uncle) Plural: Le is used to describe plural feminine “Le Ragazze” replaces La or L’. I is used to describe plural masculine “I Ragazzi” replaces il. Gli is used to describe plural masculine “Gli Zii” replaces Lo or L’. 4. Indefinite Articles “A, An” Describing Nouns Masculine nouns use “Un” before a vowel or consonant. Example: Un libro (a book) Masculine nouns use “Uno” before consonant beginning with -s, -z, -gn, -ps etc. Example: Uno specchio (a mirror) Feminine nouns use “Una” before consonant. Example: Una donna (a woman) Feminine nouns use “Un” before vowel Example: Un’attrice (a actress) 5. Italian Pronouns to Use When Describing People According to Italian grammar, there are singular pronouns and plural pronouns. Below is  a table that will help you better memorize the singular and plural pronouns: To gain a better understanding of the Italian language, it’s important to master these five grammar rules. Use flash cards, write them down, put them in a song, use visuals, anything that will help you memorize them. Here are some additional Italian grammar articles that can help supplement your studies: Italian Grammar: Mastering the Informal and Formal You 4 Quick and Easy Italian Grammar Exercises Italian Grammar Rules: How to Form Singular and Plural Nouns Photo by Phil Roeder Post Author:  Liz T. Liz T. teaches singing, acting, music and Italian lessons in Brooklyn, NY.  She is a graduate of the Berklee College of Music with a B.M. in vocal performance and has a graduate certificate in arts administration from New York University. Learn more about Liz here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher

Accommodation in Beijing

Accommodation in Beijing How Can You Find Accommodation in Beijing? A Mini Guide ChaptersA Quick Look at Accommodation in BeijingFinding Accommodation in Beijing on AirbnbUsing HomeAway to Find Accommodation in BeijingOther Resources for Finding Accommodation in Beijing“China is a big country, inhabited by many Chinese. ” - Charles de GaulleChina and its capital, in particular, don’t appear in the top 10 lists of tourist destinations around the world. However, if you’ve booked a flight to Beijing to see the Forbidden City, the Great Wall of China, or the Temple of Heaven, you’re going to need somewhere to stay.For the National Day of the People's Republic of China in 2017, Beijing welcomed 12 million tourists! By 2030, China could be the world’s most visited country. This is hardly surprising given how big China is; you can visit the Yangtze River, the Terracotta Army, The Great Hall of the People, and tonnes of tourist attractions!Are you looking for accommodation in China?Here’s how to book somewhere to stay in Beijing, the capital of the north, w hen you visit China.For a short stay, you won’t need to sign a lease with an agency. There are plenty of holiday rents and hotels available on sites like Booking.com, Hotels.com, Airbnb, and HomeAway.Where you stay and when you stay will drastically affect the cost of your accommodation.  Thus, try to avoid the National Day of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese New Year, or the high season in summer.  Summer in Beijing is really hot and humid anyway.Additionally, with so many people trying to visit in the summer, the prices are much higher than they would be in spring or autumn.By the end of autumn and the start of winter, things are much cheaper. However, the temperatures can drop to -25 °C.Find out more about the best time to visit Beijing.You can find beds in youth hostel dormitories for between £5 and £10 per person per night. If you want a private holiday flat in the heart of the city centre, you’ll be paying upwards of £100 per night (for two people).If you’r e looking for something between £50 and £60, you’ll have to look outside the city centre and make sure it’s near the metro.Alternatively, you can find hotels for less (from £20 per night per person), but you won’t enjoy the same amenities as you would in a flat or a house.Finding Accommodation in Beijing on AirbnbAre you already familiar with Airbnb?You can use the holiday rental site in Beijing too!Have a look round Beijing for the right accommodation. (Source: SW1994)The advantage of private rents is that you can find traditional Chinese houses, siheyuan, forming small streets known as hutong where you can stay.On Airbnb, you can find accommodation for between £30 and £50 per night for two people. However, they’re still quite a distance from the city centre.Just like in other large Chinese cities, the cost of accommodation will vary according to the neighbourhood and the amenities. The closer you are to the historic centre, the higher you’ll expect to play.You defin itely shouldn’t just find the cheapest place.You don’t want to end up 50 miles from the city centre.  If you want to stay in Beijing and enjoy the city’s history, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, museums, and temples, you could always find an Airbnb in the Central Business District (the CBD).  This area stretches from Dawanglu in the east to Dongdaqiao in the west and from Chaoyanglu in the north to the Tonghuihe River in the south.  Here you’ll find your typical Asian megalopolis with its huge modern buildings, shopping centres, and chain bars and restaurants.You can find the Temple of Heaven, a 15th-century monument that was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998, just a few metro stations to the south-east.The Sanlitun neighbourhood to the north is great for party animals with its nightlife and expats. You can find some affordable accommodation for between £25 and £50 per night for two people in the middle of June.The Gulou neighbourhood near Houhai Lake has renovat ed hutongs you can stay in for an authentic Chinese experience as you enjoy one of the city’s most picturesque areas.  Gulou also has the advantage of being near the city centre. It’s just a few metro stops from Tiananmen Square, the Forbidden City, and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong.Enrol for and learn Mandarin London here.Using HomeAway to Find Accommodation in BeijingSo where should you stay when you visit Beijing?While most people know Airbnb, fewer know HomeAway.You don't want to have to commute to the most popular attractions. (Source: PublicDomainPictures)HomeAway is another holiday rental company and you can find accommodation in 190 different countries and there are over a million properties.Are you planning on staying in Beijing during your time in China?Each travel guide will tell you; staying in Beijing can be expensive.  China used to be somewhere you could go on a cheap trip with the low cost of living in the country, an abundance of noodle stands, and cheap accommoda tion.  Those days are over! The People's Republic of China’s economy has changed and it’s catching up to its western competitors.That said, the cost of living is still cheaper in China than in the UK and Beijing is cheaper than in London. However, travelling to Beijing will also cost more than visiting places like Chengdu, Guilin, Xi’an, or Yangshuo.  You can pay between £50 and £90 (for two people) to stay in the Sanlitun neighbourhood and enjoy the parties.You could pay between £80 and £100 if you’re looking for somewhere to stay in the business district to the east of the historic centre.Find out more about the different districts in Beijing.Other Resources for Finding Accommodation in BeijingThere are other resources and websites where you can find accommodation in China.Beijing is a mix of the traditional and the modern. (Source: wuwow)You can use sites such as Soufun and The Beijinger to find flats.  If you’re using Soufun, you’ll need to have an understanding of Mandarin Chinese since there’s no English translation of the site.  The Beijinger, however, does have an English translation. This is a bit like Gumtree or Craigslist.Would you like to stay in Beijing’s old town? Budget not an issue?Have a look at Home to Go.  This is very similar to Airbnb and allows you to reserve hotel rooms, guest houses, etc. in different neighbourhoods and for different prices.  You can also analyse offers on Airbnb using this platform. You can book hotels, a private room in a flat, or an entire property.There’s a wide range of prices. You can pay anywhere between £20 and £350 a night for two people.Of course, you can find double beds in a hotel room for between £25 and £30 a night.Make sure you book ahead so that you won’t be panicking once you land at Beijing International Airport.  Of course, as with any trip to China, be it to Xinjiang, Tibet, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Fujian, or Zhejiang, you can use these methods to find accommodation. Fortunate ly for you, accommodation tends to be cheaper outside the capital.Find out more about budgeting for a trip to Beijing.Before you go to China, consider getting private tutorials in Mandarin Chinese. On Superprof, there are three main types of language tutorials available: face-to-face tutorials, online tutorials, and group tutorials.Group tutorials are closer to traditional lessons at school with multiple students and a single teacher. If you and your family or friends are planning a trip to China, you could all get Chinese lessons together from a tutor before you go.Face-to-face tutorials are bespoke lessons with one tutor and one student. As the only student in the class, this is the most cost-effective type of private tutorial. Your tutor can spend all their time focusing on you!Finally, online tutorials are similar with the main difference being that the private tutor isn't there with you in the room. Thanks to the internet and programmes such as Skype, you can learn Chinese from anywhere with a decent internet connection and from tutors from anywhere in the world.

The Most Famous Chemists Ten People who Changed Chemistry and the Way we Live

The Most Famous Chemists Ten People who Changed Chemistry and the Way we Live We Owe a lot to These Incredible Chemists ChaptersThe Founders of Modern Chemistry: Famous Chemists from the Eighteenth CenturyPerhaps the most Famous Chemist of all: Dmitri MendeleevRenowned Chemical Scientists: the Nineteenth CenturyTwentieth-Century Chemists You Should KnowOver the last two thousand years, we’ve come a long way in science. We no longer think that everything is made of water or fire, for example, or that the human body is composed of only four things. From this subject â€" one you might sigh about in the classroom, or get frustrated at before exams â€" came some of the most important developments of the human race.The field of chemistry has contributed to this development, and this discipline has given us some of our basic knowledge of the world. All these things we might now take for granted: that the world is made of tiny little particles, that you can burn things like coal to get heat. Not only that, but chemistry has revolutionised the way we live our lives â€" offering us technologies from radiation to solar panels to the dye in jeans. If a lot of people think that chemistry is for the academic, the professor, or the weirdo scientist in his big round glasses and white lab coat, it is important to remember that it is so much more than that. And those weirdo chemists changed your life in more ways than you probably realise.In this article, we’ll look at ten of the most important scientists in the history of chemistry. You can decide just how crucial their discoveries have been.chemistry tutor guide your learning!Alfred NobelYou know this name too. This chemist and businessman, Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), is known in all fields, due to the Nobel Prize â€" the award for excellence in literature, the sciences, and economics.But this man’s biography is not as nice as you might expect. His professional life was in selling weapons â€" explosives, mainly â€" and to chemistry, his contributions were generally in inventing the explosives that he sold.Nobel’s main achievement was the invention of dynamite. Intended as a tool for construction â€" for roads, industry, and canals â€" this chemical discovery was to have a sordid history, as we know.In his later years, as the story goes, he felt a little guilty about producing one of the most destructive chemical substances ever devised. He donated his massive fortune to inaugurating the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Physics, Medicine, and Peace.Find out what the essential equipment you need in your chemistry set is.Twentieth-Century Chemists You Should KnowIn the twentieth century, the subject of chemistry blossoms even further, branching out into different sub-disciplines and becoming the subject we know today.Linus PaulingLinus Carl Pauling (1901-1994) has often been hailed as one of the most important scientists ever to have lived â€" and if you haven’t heard of him, now is your opportunity.Pauling essentially invented, single-handedly, what we now know as molecular biology â€" the study of things like proteins and acids in the body â€" and quantum chemistry, or the study of the relationships between the smallest things in the atom. And if, at school, you’ve heard of covalent or ionic bonds â€" you have Pauling to thank for understanding them too. Learn more about chemical bonds in our piece on basic chemistry concepts.As a lifelong activist for nuclear disarmament, Pauling was not only a Nobel Laureate in chemistry, but he won the Nobel Peace Prize too. Finally, his research into proteins also inspired the work of Francis Crick and James Watson, who, without Pauling, would never have discovered the structure of DNA.Dorothy HodgkinNow time for a chemist that is often overlooked in the histories of famous scientists: Dorothy Hodgkin (1910-1994). Another Nobel Laureate, Hodgkin is the only British woman to have ever won a Nobel Prize in a science. Hodgkin’s main discoveries were in the structure of molecules and proteins in the body, and her research had a massive impact on biochemistry and medicine. She and her team worked on the structure of penicillin, vitamin B12, and, importantly, insulin. Her career was notable for her advocating for the importance of knowledge of insulin, too â€" for its central role in diabetes.My online chemistry tutor introduced me to her work; she is a truly admirable scientist!Kathleen LonsdaleAnd another twentieth-century chemist that deserves to be more famous than she is: Kathleen Lonsdale (1903-1971). As a scientist, she was one of the first women to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society and was awarded numerous titles for her important work in crystallography, or the study of the arrangement of atoms in crystals.Alongside her work on diamonds, and her profoundly influential research into the structure of benzene, she was an advocate for pacifism and an inspiration for women scientists across the world.Still hungry for chemistry? We have an all you need to know about chemistry piece just for you!

Target Structures

Target Structures Target structures to use with the Target Structure tool What are target structures? Optimal second language pedagogy involves a repeating exchange of meaningful messages with a focus on target structures. By exchange, I mean that teachers should provide learners with opportunities to create sentences, paragraphs, stories, essays, blog posts, articles or reports that are meaningful to the learner. Learners should express those messages to someone, not as an empty display. That means learners should express those messages to other learners, their teachers, or with the online world. Repetition is important to help the language stick. There should be multiple opportunities to express those messages to different interlocutors, in different modes, and in different contexts. Each time the message is expressed, it should contain specific and appropriate target vocabulary, target grammar structures, or target multi-word formulas. The pedagogical reasons are simple. Learners often avoid error by avoiding complexity. Teachers must requires target structures taught in their lessons so that the student incorporates those new structures into their messages. The second reason is based on the production effect. In the future, when the learner encounters a real-life situation requiring the construction a similar meaningful message, those same target structures that were practiced and produced should activate in the learners memory and become available for use instantly and effortlessly. In this way, creative automaticity is ensured. It is easy to use the Virtual Writing Tutors target structure checker. Click the Check Target Structure Checker button Step 1 Use the Target Structure Checker Step 2 Select if you want to your search to case-sensitive or if you want all derivations and conjugations of the base forms listed Step 3 Review your target structure checker results Target structures to use with the Target Structure tool Here are a variety of lists of target structures to use with the VirtualWritingTutor.com grammar checker. Adverbs of frequency every day, always, almost always, usually, normally, generally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, hardly ever, rarely, almost never, never Negatives wasnt, werent, didnt, dont, doesnt, isnt, arent, not Past negatives wasnt, werent, didnt, not Common prepositions in, on, at, to, by, for, beside, behind, between, next to, in front of Downtoners a bit, a little bit, a tiny bit, hardly, a little, barely, only just, somewhat, kind of, sort of, not so much, mildly, to some extent, simply, all but, pretty, relatively, rather, fairly, slightly, almost, nearly Target structures for the Actively Engaged at College / on the Job old, have been, every day, always, almost always, usually, normally, generally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, hardly ever, rarely, almost never, never, dream, wasnt, werent, didnt, not, when, while, if, punched, kissed Vocabulary from the Actively Engaged Online listenings foot in the door, abolish, alienation, background check, bias, come in handy, compensation package, cursory, dead-end job, deter, drawback, dread, drudgery, flirtation, fulfillment, getting sucked up in, hinder, HR, in-depth, income, ins-and-outs, intern, internship, invaluable, lack of, learn the ropes, leave of absence, leg work, maddening, misconduct, more often than not, mortgage, office politics, OJT, on-the-job-training, overtime, overwhelm, pension, perpetrator, premium wage, pull off, purpose, put aside, recipient, retirement, set aside, sexual harassment, straight As, test drive, the drive of work, thoroughly, though, thoughtful, time management, trainee, undermine, vacant position, wage, withholding, worthwhile 295 most common past tense verbs accepted, achieved, added, admitted, affected, afforded, agreed, aimed, allowed, answered, appeared, applied, arrived, asked, attacked, avoided, based, was, were, became, began, believed, belonged, broke, built, burned, bought, brought, called, caused, changed, charged, checked, chose, claimed, cleaned, cleared, climbed, closed, collected, came, committed, compared, complained, completed, concerned, confirmed, connected, considered, contacted, contained, continued, contributed, controlled, cooked, copied, correct, cost, could, counted, covered, created, cut, damaged, danced, decided, delivered, demanded, denied, depended, described, designed, destroyed, developed, did, disappeared, discovered, discussed, divided, drew, dressed, drank, drove, dropped, ate, enabled, encouraged, ended, enjoyed, examined, existed, expected, experienced, explained, expressed, extended, fell, fastened, fought, filled, found, finished, flew, folded, followed, forced, forgot, forgave, formed, founded, gained , gave, went, grew, handled, happened, hated, had, heard, helped, hid, hit, held, hoped, hurt, identified, imagined, improved, included, increased, indicated, influenced, informed, intended, introduced, invited, involved, joined, jumped, kept, kicked, killed, knocked, lasted, laughed, laid, led, lent, liked, limited, linked, listened, lived, looked, lost, loved, made, managed, marked, mattered, might, meant, measured, met, mentioned, minded, missed, moved, had, needed, noticed, obtained, offered, opened, ordered, ought, owned, passed, paid, performed, picked, placed, planned, played, pointed, preferred, prepared, presented, pressed, prevented, produced, promised, protected, proved, provided, published, pulled, pushed, raised, reached, read-red, realized, received, recognized, recorded, reduced, referred, reflected, refused, regarded, related, released, remained, remembered, removed, repeated, replaced, replied, reported, represented, required, rested, resulted, returned, revealed, r ang, rolled, ran, saved, said, saw, seemed, sold, sent, separated, served, set, settled, shook, should, shared, shot, shouted, showed, sang, sat, slept, smiled, sorted, sounded, spoke, started, stated, stayed, stuck, stopped, studied, succeeded, suffered, suggested, suited, supplied, supported, supposed, survived, took, talked, taught, told, tested, thanked, thought, touched, trained, traveled, travelled, treated, tried, turned, understood, used, visited, voted, waited, walked, wanted, warned, washed, watched, wore, willed, won, wished, wondered, worked, wrote Transition words indeed, further, as well, either, not only, also, moreover, what is more, as a matter of fact, in all honesty, and, furthermore, in addition, besides, to tell the truth, or, in fact, actually, to say nothing of, too, let alone, much less, additionally, nor, alternatively, on the other hand, not to mention, such as, particularly, including, as an illustration, for example, in particular, for one thing, to illustrate, for instance, especially, notably, by way of example, speaking about, considering, regarding, with regards to, as for, concerning, the fact that, on the subject of, similarly, in the same way, by the same token, in a like manner, equally, likewise, that is to say, namely, specifically, thus, that is to say, I mean, to put it another way, in other words, but, by way of contrast, while, on the other hand, however, yet, whereas, in contrast, when in fact, conversely, still, even more, above all, indeed, more importantly, besides, but even so, nevertheless, even though, on th e other hand, admittedly, however, nonetheless, despite this, notwithstanding, albeit, still, although, in spite of, regardless, yet, though, granted, be that as it may, either way, whichever happens, in either event, in any case, at any rate, in either case, whatever happens, all the same, in any event, at least, rather, instead, for the simple reason that, being that, for, in view of the fact, inasmuch as, because of the fact, seeing that, as, owing to the fact, due to the fact that, in that since, for as much as, on the condition that, granted that, if, provided that, in case, in the event that, as/so long as, unless given that, granting that, providing that, even if, only if, as a result, consequently, hence, for this reason, thus, because of this, in consequence, so that, accordingly, as a consequence, so much so, so, therefore, for the purpose of, in the hope that, for fear that, so that, with this intention, to the end that, in order to, lest, with this in mind, in order that , so as to, under those circumstances, then, in that case, if not, that being the case, if so, otherwise, in the first place, initially, to start with, first of all, thirdly, to begin with, at first, for a start, secondly, subsequently, previously, eventually, next, before, afterwards, after, then, to conclude, as a final point, eventually, at last, last but not least, in the end, finally, lastly, to change the topic incidentally, by the way, to get back to the point, to resume anyhow, anyway, at any rate, to return to the subject, as was previously stated, so, consequently, in summary, all in all, to make a long story short, thus, as I have said, to sum up, overall, as has been mentioned, then, to summarize, to be brief, briefly, given these points, in all, on the whole, therefore, as has been noted, hence, in conclusion, in a word, to put it briefly, in sum, altogether, in short Alternatives for the word said spat, sighed, blubbered, stammered, blurted, mused, lied, panted, added, frowned, whispered, spat, stammered, sighed, sneered, seethed, frowned, shouted, demanded, insisted, screamed Thesis action verbs in the present tense accentuate, accept, access, account, adapt, address, advance, affirm, agree, allege, alter, amplify, analyze, argue, arrange, ascribe, assert, assign, associate, assume, attain, attempt, attest, attribute, augment, authorize, bestow, bolster, broaden, build, carry, cause, censure, challenge, characterize, claim, clarify, coach, compare, complicate, conceal, conceive, conclude, condemn, condense, configure, confirm, conflate, conflict, conjecture, connect, connote, consider, construct, contend, contradict, contrast, contribute, convey, counteract, craft, create, criticize, critique, deconstruct, defend, defy, demonstrate, denote, denounce, depict, deride, descend, describe, detach, detect, diagnose, direct, disclose, discuss, disguise, dismantle, dismiss, display, disprove, dispute, distinguish, divulge, document, dramatize, echo, elaborate, elevate, elucidate, embody, emphasize, enable, enforce, engage, enlighten, entertain, epitomize, establish, evaluate, evince, evoke, examine, exe mplify, exhibit, exist, expand, explain, explicate, explore, expose, expound, express, fail, fashion, feature, focus, foreshadow, form, frame, generate, grasp, guide, heighten, highlight, hint, identify, illuminate, illustrate, implies, imply, includes, indicate, infers, inform, informs, initiate, insinuate, insist, instigate, instruct, intends, intensify, interpret, interrogate, invent, investigate, ironize, isolate, justify, juxtaposes, link, maintain, manifest, manipulate, mediate, misconceive, multiply, navigate, necessitate, negate, negotiate, renegotiate, obscure, obstruct, offer, oppose, organize, perceive, persuade, portray, posit, position, predict, present, prioritize, probe, problematize, produce, profess, pronounce, propose, prove, provide, question, radicalize, rationalize, recall, recognize, reconfigure, reconstruct, refer, reflect, reinforce, remain, render, renounce, represent, respond, reveal, review, scrutinize, shape, shroud, signal, signify, simulate, situate, sp ecify, study, succeed, suggest, support, sustain, transform, treat, trigger, uncover, underscore, unmask, validate, veil, verify, warp, witness, work, accentuates, accepts, accesses, accounts, adapts, addresses, advances, affirms, agrees, alleges, alters, amplifies, analyzes, argues, arranges, ascribes, asserts, assigns, associates, assumes, attains, attempts, attests, attributes, augments, authorizes, bestows, bolsters, broadens, builds, carries, causes, censures, challenges, characterizes, claims, clarifies, coaches, compares, complicates, conceals, conceives, concludes, condemns, condenses, configures, confirms, conflates, conflicts, conjectures, connects, connotes, considers, constructs, contends, contradicts, contrasts, contributes, conveys, counteracts, crafts, creates, criticizes, critiques, deconstructs, defends, defies, demonstrates, denotes, denounces, depicts, derides, descends, describes, detaches, detects, diagnoses, directs, discloses, discusses, disguises, dismantles, dismisses, displays, disproves, disputes, distinguishes, divulges, documents, dramatizes, echoes, echos, elaborates, elevates, elucidates, embodies, emphasizes, enables, enforces, engages, enlightens, entertains, epitomizes, establishes, evaluates, evinces, evokes, examines, exemplifies, exhibits, exists, expands, explains, explicates, explores, exposes, expounds, expresses, fails, fashions, features, focuses, focusses, foreshadows, forms, frames, generates, grasps, guides, heightens, highlights, hints, identifies, illuminates, illustrates, implies, implies, includes, indicates, infers, informs, informs, initiates, insinuates, insists, instigates, instructs, intends, intensifies, interprets, interrogates, invents, investigates, isolates, justifies, juxtaposes, links, maintains, manifests, manipulates, mediates, misconceives, multiplies, navigates, necessitates, negates, negotiates, renegotiates, obscures, obstructs, offers, opposes, organizes, perceives, persuades, portrays, posits , positions, predicts, presents, prioritizes, probes, problematizes, produces, professes, pronounces, proposes, proves, provides, questions, radicalizes, rationalizes, recalls, recognizes, reconfigures, reconstructs, refers, reflects, reinforces, remains, renders, renounces, represents, responds, reveals, reviews, scrutinizes, shapes, shrouds, signals, signifies, simulates, situates, specifies, studies, succeeds, suggests, supports, sustains, transforms, treats, triggers, uncovers, underscores, unmasks, validates, veils, verifies, warps, witnesses, works Thesis action verbs in the past tense accentuated, accepted, accessed, accounted, adapted, addressed, advanced, affirmed, agreed, alleged, altered, amplified, analyzed, argued, arranged, ascribed, asserted, assigned, associated, assumed, attained, attempted, attested, attributed, augmented, authorized, bestowed, bolstered, broadened, builded, carried, caused, censured, challenged, characterized, claimed, clarified, coached, compared, complicated, concealed, conceived, concluded, condemned, condensed, configured, confirmed, conflated, conflicted, conjectured, connected, connoted, considered, constructed, contended, contradicted, contrasted, contributed, conveyed, counteracted, crafted, created, criticized, critiqued, deconstructed, defended, defied, demonstrated, denoted, denounced, depicted, derided, descended, described, detached, detected, diagnosed, directed, disclosed, discussed, disguised, dismantled, dismissed, displayed, disproved, disputed, distinguished, divulged, documented, dramatized, echoed, elaborated, elev ated, elucidated, embodied, emphasized, enabled, enforced, engaged, enlightened, entertained, epitomized, established, evaluated, evinced, evoked, examined, exemplified, exhibited, existed, expanded, explained, explicated, explored, exposed, expounded, expressed, failed, fashioned, featured, focused, foreshadowed, formed, framed, generated, grasped, guided, heightened, highlighted, hinted, identified, illuminated, illustrated, implied, implied, included, indicated, inferred, informed, informed, initiated, insinuated, insisted, instigated, instructed, intendsed, intensified, interpreted, interrogated, invented, investigated, ironized, isolated, justified, juxtaposed, linked, maintained, manifested, manipulated, mediated, misconceived, multiplied, navigated, necessitated, negated, negotiated, renegotiated, obscured, obstructed, offered, opposed, organized, perceived, persuaded, portrayed, posited, positioned, predicted, presented, prioritized, probed, problematized, produced, professe d, pronounced, proposed, proved, provided, questioned, radicalized, rationalized, recalled, recognized, reconfigured, reconstructed, refered, reflected, reinforced, remained, rendered, renounced, represented, responded, revealed, reviewed, scrutinized, shaped, shrouded, signaled, signified, simulated, situated, specified, studied, succeeded, suggested, supported, sustained, transformed, treated, triggered, uncovered, underscored, unmasked, validated, veiled, verified, warped, witnessed, worked Business vocabulary accelerated benefits, account, accountant, accounting, actuary, administrator, agent, agreement, amortization, amount, annual report, appointment, asset, associate, auditor, average, balance sheet, banking, bankrupt, bankruptcy, benchmarking, benefits, bill of, lading, bond, bookkeeping, brand, break even, broker, budget, business, business analyst , business card, business law, business plan , business proposal, calculation, calculator, capital, capitalize, cash dispenser, cash flow, chain store, civil servant, clear, my desk, cold call, commodity , communication process, company, competitors, competitors, consumer, contract, contractor, cooperative, core, corner office , corporation, cost, credit, credit account, cubicle, currency, currency, customer, damage, deadline, debt, deduction (taxation), deficit, deposit, depreciation, derivative, development, direct investment, discount, distribution, dividend, division, down payment, downsizing, economy, economy , economy of scale , effi cient, employee, end-user , entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, equities, evolution, exchange rate, exhaustion, expenditure, expenditure-based budget, exponent, export, facility, factory, fee, fee, file, finance, finance charges , financial, financial accounting, financial analyst, financial, analyst, financial assistance, firm, framework, franchise, freight, fund, gain, gainful employment, general journal, get the axe, goodwill, gross, headhunter , headquarters, image, import, incentive, income tax, income taxes, income taxes, insurance, integral, interest, inventory, investment , investment funds, investor, invoice, joint venture, label, labor standards, launch, lay-offs, leadership, legal tender, lend, let someone go, leverage, liabilities, liabilities, liability, linear function, loan, logarithmic, loss , lucrative, mail order, management, management, management strategy, manager, market, market economy, market research, marketing, maximizing, meeting, meeting agenda, microeconomics , microfinance, money, mortgage, mortgagee, motivate, mutual fund, negotiation, night deposit box, offer, office, office automation, operating budget, opportunity, organization, overdraft, partner, patent, pay, pay a bill, pay back, payment, point of sale, president, pressure, price, price analysis , prime rate , probability, product, product development, production, profit, profitable, project management, promotion, proxy, publicity, purchase, purchase order, purchaser, range, rate of change, real estate , record of tax, refund, representative, request, retail, retail sale, retailer, round, safety deposit box, salary, sale, sales figures, secretary, seller, senior executives, service, share, share, shareholder, shareholder, software package, speculator, spreadsheet, staff, standard, statement, statistic, statistics, stock exchange, stockbroker, store, strategy, subscription, subtraction, sum, superintendent , supplier, supply, survey, tax, tax accounting, tax levies, tax system, te am, team based organization, tbo, technology, teller, tender, terms of sale, the amount, to compete, trade, trader, trainee, transaction, transaction, treasurer, trend, trust, underwriter, union, upgrade, value, vault, venture, viral marketing, warranty, waybill, wholesale, withdraw, withdrawal, workload, workshop, year plan, yield Chart, Graph, and Diagram Vocabulary above, according to, apparent, are compared, are presented, bar graph, below, can be seen, chart, climbed, comparable, compares, considerable, considerably, decline, decrease, demonstrates, detailed, details, difference, dipped, diving sharply, downward, dramatic, dropped off, evident, falls, fell, fluctuation, fluctuations, gap, gradual, graph, greater, grew, grows, high, higher, highlighted, highlights, highs, histogram, illustrated, illustrates, increase, indicates, jump, leads, led, level, leveled, levelled, leveling, levelling, levels, lists, low, lower, lows, moderate, narrowed, note, number, observe, peak, peaks, period, photo, pie chart, pinpoints, plummeted, presents, proves, rapid climb, rates of, reports, reveals, remained, remains, rise, rises, rose, shown, shows, significant, slid, slight, steady, summarizes, results, value of, to every, to the left, to the right, total, trend, upward, we can see, widened, widening, widens Words and phrases for establishing the importance of your topic a factor in, a vital factor in, an important factor in, the main cause of, the leading cause of, the primary cause of, the major cause of, a common part of, a useful part of, a critical part of, the most widely used, the most commonly discussed, the most well-known, the most well-documented, the most widespread, the most commonly investigated, recognized as being, believed to be, widely considered to be, well known that, generally accepted that, common knowledge that, increasingly becoming, set to become, sure to become, certain to become, undergoing a revolution, generating considerable interest, attracting increasing interest, attracting widespread interest, undergoing a revolution, generating considerable interest, attracting considerable interest, attracting widespread interest, has many uses, has many roles, has many applications, have many uses, have many roles, have many applications, striking feature of, useful feature of, remarkable feature of, the main characteristics of, the principal characteristics of, the fundamental characteristics of, the main characteristic of, the principal characteristic of, the fundamental characteristic of, accounts for, is responsible for, are responsible for Please follow and like us:

How to Use the Past Perfect Simple

How to Use the Past Perfect Simple Download a lesson on the past perfect for Business English. You are free to photocopy it for classroom purposes. Understanding-the-Past-Perfect-SimpleDownload When we talk about a past event that happened before another past event, we use the Past Perfect Simple. Use the Past Perfect Simple when you name a later event before an earlier event. Key phrases: by the time Julie arrived at work, by the end of the day, by the end of last week, etc. Compare: I broke a heel and a taxi splashed me. Then, I arrived at work. By the time I arrived at work, I had broken a heel and a taxi had splashed me. Structure: Subject + had + Past Participle         Julie had a difficult commute This is how Julie described her commute This is what Julies colleague said Fill in the blanks with other things Julies colleague said Here are some verbs to help you Please follow and like us: